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This book, initially written for chemical engineers, is actually very interesting for data scientists and machine learning engineers alike. For more free books, visit this page.

Content

1. Visualizing Process Data

1.1. Data visualization in context
1.2. References and readings
1.3. Time-series plots
1.4. Bar plots
1.5. Box plots
1.6. Relational graphs: scatter plots
1.7. Tables as a form of data visualization
1.8. Topics of aesthetics and style
1.9. General summary: revealing complex data graphically
1.10. Exercises

2. Univariate Data Analysis

2.1. Univariate data analysis in context
2.2. References and readings
2.3. What is variability?
2.4. Histograms and probability distributions
2.5. Binary (Bernoulli) distribution
2.6. Uniform distribution
2.7. The normal distribution and checking for normality
2.8. The t-distribution
2.9. Poisson distribution
2.10. Confidence intervals
2.11. Testing for differences and similarity
2.12. Paired tests
2.13. Other types of confidence intervals
2.14. Statistical tables for the normal- and t-distribution
2.15. Exercises

3. Process Monitoring

3.1. Process monitoring in context
3.2. References and readings
3.3. What are process monitoring charts?
3.4. Shewhart charts
3.5. CUSUM charts
3.6. EWMA charts
3.7. Other types of monitoring charts
3.8. Process capability
3.9. The industrial practice of process monitoring
3.10. Industrial case study
3.11. Summary
3.12. Exercises

4. Least Squares Modelling Review

4.1. Least squares modelling in context
4.2. References and readings
4.3. Covariance
4.4. Correlation
4.5. Some definitions
4.6. Least squares models with a single x-variable
4.7. Least squares model analysis
4.8. Investigating an existing linear model
4.9. Summary of steps to build and investigate a linear model
4.10. More than one variable: multiple linear regression (MLR)
4.11. Outliers: discrepancy, leverage, and influence of the observations
4.12. Enrichment topics
4.13. Exercises

5. Design and Analysis of Experiments

5.1. Design and analysis of experiments in context
5.2. Terminology
5.3. Usage examples
5.4. References and readings
5.5. Why learning about systems is important
5.6. Experiments with a single variable at two levels
5.7. Changing one single variable at a time (COST)
5.8. Full factorial designs
5.8.1. Using two levels for two or more factors
5.8.2. Analysis of a factorial design: main effects
5.8.3. Analysis of a factorial design: interaction effects
5.8.4. Analysis by least squares modelling
5.8.5. Example: design and analysis of a three-factor experiment
5.8.6. Assessing significance of main effects and interactions
5.8.7. Summary so far
5.8.8. Example: analysis of systems with 4 factors
5.9. Fractional factorial designs
5.9.1. Half fractions
5.9.2. Generators and defining relationships
5.9.3. Generating the complementary half-fraction
5.9.4. Generators: to determine confounding due to blocking
5.9.5. Highly fractionated designs
5.9.6. Design resolution
5.9.7. Saturated designs for screening
5.9.8. Design foldover
5.9.9. Projectivity
5.10. Blocking and confounding for disturbances
5.11. Response surface methods
5.12. Evolutionary operation
5.13. General approach for experimentation
5.14. Extended topics related to designed experiments
5.15. Exercises

6. Latent Variable Modelling

6.1. In context
6.2. References and readings
6.3. Extracting value from data
6.4. What is a latent variable?
6.5. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
6.5.1. Visualizing multivariate data
6.5.2. Geometric explanation of PCA
6.5.3. Mathematical derivation for PCA
6.5.4. More about the direction vectors (loadings)
6.5.5. PCA example: Food texture analysis
6.5.6. Interpreting score plots
6.5.7. Interpreting loading plots
6.5.8. Interpreting loadings and scores together
6.5.9. Predicted values for each observation
6.5.10. Interpreting the residuals
6.5.11. PCA example: analysis of spectral data
6.5.12. Hotelling’s T²
6.5.13. Preprocessing the data before building a model
6.5.14. Algorithms to calculate (build) PCA models
6.5.15. Testing the PCA model
6.5.16. Determining the number of components to use in the model with cross-validation
6.5.17. Some properties of PCA models
6.5.18. Latent variable contribution plots
6.5.19. Using indicator variables in a latent variable model
6.5.20. Visualization latent variable models with linking and brushing
6.5.21. PCA Exercises
6.6. Principal Component Regression (PCR)
6.7. Introduction to Projection to Latent Structures (PLS)
6.7.1. Advantages of the projection to latent structures (PLS) method
6.7.2. A conceptual explanation of PLS
6.7.3. A mathematical/statistical interpretation of PLS
6.7.4. A geometric interpretation of PLS
6.7.5. Interpreting the scores in PLS
6.7.6. Interpreting the loadings in PLS
6.7.7. How the PLS model is calculated
6.7.8. Variability explained with each component
6.7.9. Coefficient plots in PLS
6.7.10. Analysis of designed experiments using PLS models
6.7.11. PLS Exercises
6.8. Applications of Latent Variable Models

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